This content covers small grain crops including winter wheat, sorghum, oats, barley, rye, canola and triticale.

Crop Profile

• North Carolina Small Grains
  General production information, production practices, worker activities, insect and mite pests and their control, diseases and their control, scouting for diseases, non-chemical pest management measures, and weed management are detailed in the profile. List of Extension Specialists is included.

Production

• North Carolina Small Grains Production Topics
  A general list covering several important aspects in grain production. List included freeze damage, IPM, planting and seeding as well as variety selection.
• North Carolina Organic Commodities Production Guide – Chapter 4: Wheat and Small Grains
• North Carolina Small Grain Production Guide

Diseases

• Disease Identification & Management 
  The link above leads directly to the disease ID webpage within the NC Small Grains Production website. Topics include small grain disease management, wheat diseases and identification, fungicides for small grains and information.

Insects

• Insect Pest Identification & Management 
  The link above leads directly to the insect ID webpage within the NC Small Grains Production website. Guides and photographs are posted.
• Insect Pests of Small Grains, from Insect and Related Pests of Small Grains
  A key to identify small grain pests is presented by NC State Extension
• The Hessian Fly: A Pest of Wheat in North Carolina
  Details of the Hessian fly’s history, life cycle, management and control are included in the article
• Cereal Leaf Beetle, Biology and Management (Virginia Cooperative Extension)
  Description, life cycle, damage, management and control, threshold information and scouting methods are included.
• NC State Entomology Field Crop News
• Insect pest crop news and recommendations for NC producers.

Weeds

• Weed Identification & Management
  The link above leads directly to the webpage within the NC Small Grains Production website. Guides on weed control, weed identification and control are listed. Photographs are posted.
• Weed Identification Guide (from Virginia Cooperative Extension)
  An aid to identifying common weeds and weed seedlings found throughout Virginia and the the Southeastern U.S.
• Winter Weeds Video
  Winter Weed Management For Small Grains Major weeds of southeastern small grains include Italian Ryegrass, Poa annua, Common and Mouse-ear Chickweed, Henbit, and Purple Deadnettle. This video helps with identification and management of these weeds.

Publications

• North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual
  The manual has ten main sections:
  I. Pesticide use and safety information
  II. Chemical application equipment
  III. How to send specimens for disease, insect, and weed identification
  IV. Fertilizer use
  V. Insect control
  VI. Insect and disease control of fruits
  VII. Chemical weed control
  VIII. Plant growth regulators
  IX. Animal damage control
  X. Disease control
  Detailed information on controlling pests of field crops, forage crops, grains, fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, turf, landscape, nursery, livestock, poultry, home garden, communities, and industrial sites is included.
• Small Grain Production Guide
  Comprehensive guide that contains the following chapters:
  1. Small Grain Growth and Development
  2. The Wheat Enterprise Budget
  3. Small Grain Variety Selection
  4. To Plant or Drill: Does Row Spacing Matter?
  5. Small Grain Planting Dates
  6. A Very-Early-Wheat-Planting System
  7. Small Grain Seeding Rates for North Carolina
  8. Nitrogen Management for Small Grains
  9. Nutrient Management for Small Grains
  10. Insect Pest Management for Small Grains
  11. Insect Pests of Stored Small Grains
  12. Small Grain Disease Management
  13. Small Grain Weed Control
• Scouting Small Grains
  Publication by N.C. Cooperative Extension Service that covers scouting for weeds, diseases, and insect pests. Also includes weed and disease mapping, soil sampling and pesticide safety.
• Small Grains Extension Publication Library
• Canola Production in Georgia (University of Georgia)
  A complete guide to growing canola that addresses growth requirements, production, fertilization, weather risks, and pest management.

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